(E) 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration in erythrocytes is increased
A
Two opened oxygen cylinders, one full and one empty, are attached to an anesthesia machine. The check valve to the empty cylinder fails. This is expected to result in
(A) activation of the fail-safe device
(B) cessation of oxygen flow to the anesthesia circuit
(C) filling of the empty cylinder with a mixture of all gases supplied to the anesthesia machine
(D) increase in the temperature of the empty cylinder
(E) interruption of gas delivery from the central oxygen source
A 15-year-old previously healthy boy is scheduled for a celiotomy to relieve an acute intestinal obstruction. A rapid sequence induction is used. Anesthesia is maintained with a balanced technique including nitrous oxide and oxygen (5L:2L), meperidine, and pancuronium. Because of abdominal distention and the high pressure required for inflation of the lungs, a nasogastric tube is inserted. The abdomen remains distended, but compliance improves dramatically. At this time the patient is cyanotic, PaO2 is 48 mmHg, PaCO2 is 52 mmHg, and pH is 7.29. Nitrous oxide is discontinued. The most important therapeutic measure is to
(A) remove the nasogastric tube
(B) insert a chest tube on the right side
(C) withdraw the endotracheal tube 1 cm
(D) deflate the cuff on the endotracheal tube
(E) replace the endotracheal tube with one of larger internal diameter
A 36-year-old woman who undergoes peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure requires emergency surgical exploration for bowel obstruction. Serum creatinine concentration is 9.8 mg/dl and BUN concentration is 124 mg/dl. The most likely abnormality of coagulation is
(A) decreased euglobulin lysis time
(B) decreased platelet count
(C) prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time
Which of the following antihypertensive drugs is most likely to cause bradycardia?
(A) Captopril
(B) Clonidine
(C) Hydralazine
(D) Nifedipine
(E) Phenoxybenzamine
B
For 30 minutes, a patient has been receiving oxygen 2 L, nitrous oxide 2 L, and halothane from an agent-specific vaporizer set at 1%. A mass spectrometer sampling gas from the patient's airway shows an end-tidal halothane concentration of 0.7%. The most likely explanation for this difference is
Which of the following combinations of hemoglobin, blood gases, and cardiac output provides the greatest delivery of oxygen to tissue? (Hb, PaO2, SaO2, CO)