Volume-cycled flow generators are preferred over pressure-cycled ventilators in critical care units because they
(A) have a lower compression volume
(B) limit peak airway pressure
(C) maintain constant ventilatory volume with changes in lung compliance
(D) more readily compensate for gas leaks
(E) permit more accurate measurement of the patient's minute volume
C
If administered epidurally in equipotent doses, which of the following opioids will produce analgesia over the greatest number of dermatomes?
(A) Fentanyl
(B) Hydromorphone
(C) Meperidine
(D) Morphine
(E) Sufentanil
D
A patient with a fasting blood glucose concentration of 100 mg/dl undergoes a four-hour operation under general anesthesia without intraoperative administration of glucose. On emergence the most likely finding will be
A full-term neonate has physical findings suggestive of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Initial Apgar score is 2. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
(A) Placement of an orogastric tube
(B) Insertion of a chest tube
(C) Controlled ventilation by face mask
(D) Controlled ventilation through an endotracheal tube
(E) Spontaneous ventilation through an endotracheal tube
A 50-year-old patient is undergoing middle ear exploration with isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen anesthesia. Ventilation is controlled; PetC02 is 35 mmHg, heart rate is 90 bpm, and blood pressure is 120/70 mmHg. Assistance is needed to minimize bleeding in the surgical field. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
(A) Addition of 5 cmH20 positive end-expiratory pressure
(B) Changing the anesthetic agent to halothane
(C) Hyperventilation to a PetC02 of 20 mmHg
(D) Placing the patient in reverse Trendelenburg position
(E) Titration of nitroprusside to a mean arterial pressure of 55 mmHg
D
Which of the following decreases the risk for burns during electrocauterization?
(A) Conductive flooring
(B) Grounding of the patient to the operating table
(C) Increased resistance at the return electrode
(D) Isolation of the current output of the electrosurgical unit
(E) Placement of the return electrode at a distance from the surgical site
A healthy 57-year-old man with a ureteral calculus is scheduled for immersion extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) Delivery of the shock wave is timed by the R wave of the ECG
(B) Continuous epidural anesthesia is contraindicated because of the risk for infection
(C) If a regional technique is used, a T10 sensory level is required for adequate anesthesia
(D) If general anesthesia is used, high tidal volumes and low respiratory rate are preferred
(E) Removal of the patient from the bath is accompanied by an increase in blood pressure