10 Random Questions
A 1-month-old infant becomes hypoxemic faster during apnea than an adult. Which of the following is the primary cause of this difference?
- (A) Functional residual capacity in an infant is half that of an adult
- (B) Metabolic rate in an infant is twice that of an adult
- (C) Resting PaO2 in an infant is lower than that in an adult
- (D) The number of alveoli in an infant is 12% the number in an adult
- (E) The hemoglobin dissociation curve in an infant is shifted to the right
A Fluotec vaporizer is set to administer halothane 4% using a fresh gas flow of 4 L/min. If the diluent gas flow is increased to 8 L/min, and at the same time the room temperature increases from 20 to 25°C, the approximate concentration of halothane delivered to the patient would be
- (A) 2%
- (B) 2.5%
- (C) 3%
- (D) 4%
- (E) 5%
Oxygen 100 ml/min is bubbled through a vaporizer containing an anesthetic with a vapor pressure of 150 mmHg, and this mixture is added to a fresh gas flow of 5 L/min. The delivered anesthetic concentration is
- (A) 0.25%
- (B) 0.5%
- (C) 1%
- (D) 2.5%
- (E) 5%
A 25-year-old man with known rheumatic heart disease is being evaluated in the critical care unit. Despite decreasing cardiac output, mixed venous blood from a pulmonary artery catheter shows an increase in Sv02. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
- (A) Decreasing hematocrit
- (B) Hypothermia to 35°C
- (C) Metabolic alkalosis
- (D) Mitral regurgitation
- (E) Wedging of the catheter
The second gas effect refers to
- (A) acceleration of rise in alveolar concentration of a gas caused by concomitantly administered nitrous oxide
- (B) change in volatile anesthetic vaporizer output with the addition of nitrous oxide to the carrier gas mixture
- (C) decrease in MAC of a volatile anesthetic by addition of nitrous oxide
- (D) expansion of gas-containing spaces by addition of nitrous oxide
- (E) rapid diffusion of nitrous oxide from pulmonary capillary blood into alveolar gas at the termination of anesthesia
Which of the following findings is an early indication of cyanide toxicity?
- (A) Bronchospasm
- (B) Cardiac dysrhythmias
- (C) Decreased mixed venous P02
- (D) Increased intracranial pressure
- (E) Metabolic acidosis
During induction of anesthesia, a patient is breathing isoflurane from a semiclosed circle absorber system. The temperature-compensated vaporizer is set to deliver isoflurane 1.5%. Which of the following will result in the lowest inspired concentration of isoflurane?
- (A) Doubling the length of circle system hoses
- (B) Decreasing the barometric pressure
- (C) Changing from rubber to plastic breathing hoses
- (D) Decreasing fresh gas flow
- (E) Exhaustion of the soda lime
To detect the delivery of hypoxic gas mixture, the optimal location for an oxygen analyzer in this circle is
- (A) 1
- (B) 2
- (C) 3
- (D) 4
- (E) 5
An 18-month-old child with tetralogy of Fallot is anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide. Following intubation, oxygen saturation decreases abruptly from 85% to 45%. The most effective treatment is
- (A) discontinuation of halothane
- (B) hyperventilation
- (C) intravenous epinephrine
- (D) intravenous phenylephrine
- (E) positive end-expiratory pressure
Myofascial pain is an example of
- (A) a central pain state
- (B) neuropathic pain
- (C) psychogenic pain
- (D) somatic pain
- (E) visceral pain