During induction of general anesthesia in a patient with a supraglottic tumor, both intubation and subsequent ventilation via a face mask are impossible. A cricothyroidotomy is performed with a 16-gauge intravenous catheter. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) Application of pressures greater than 35 cmH2O to the catheter will increase the risk for pulmonary barotrauma
(B) PaC02 can be maintained at a normal level using a standard circle system attached to the catheter
(C) PaO2 greater than 100 mmHg can be maintained indefinitely using transtracheal jet ventilation with pure oxygen through the catheter
(D) Emergency surgical tracheostomy would have improved the likelihood of survival
(E) The presence of this tumor contraindicates jet ventilation via cricothyroidotomy
During axillary block of the brachial plexus, which nerve is most likely to be encountered if the needle is inserted through the posterior wall of the artery?
A 20-kg, 6-year-old boy is undergoing strabismus surgery under anesthesia with sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen. The heart rate suddenly decreases from 85 to 40 bpm. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step in management?
An 8-kg, 5-month-old infant undergoes craniotomy for an arteriovenous malformation. During the procedure, severe hemorrhaging occurs and packed red blood cells 3 units are transfused rapidly. During infusion of the third unit, hypotension, nodal bigeminy, and prolongation of the QT interval are noted. The most appropriate management includes administration of
After two hours of anesthesia with halothane 1.2% and oxygen, nitrous oxide 75% is added to the inspired gas mixture. This addition would
(A) increase the alveolar halothane and oxygen concentrations above inspired
(B) increase the alveolar halothane concentration only
(C) cause no change in alveolar gas concentrations compared with inspired
(D) decrease alveolar oxygen concentration compared with inspired
(E) decrease alveolar oxygen and halothane concentrations below inspired
A
Having received excessive intraoperative blood replacement, a patient anesthetized with fentanyl, diazepam, and nitrous oxide develops acute pulmonary edema. The drug most likely to have an immediate beneficial effect is