10 Random Questions
During anesthesia using the Bain circuit
- (A) PaCO2 is independent of minute volume if fresh gas flow is greater than 17 ml/kg
- (B) PaCO2 is independent of fresh gas flow if minute volume is greater than 100 ml/kg
- (C) PaCO2 may be normal in the presence of rebreathing
- (D) carbon dioxide removal is more efficient during spontaneous ventilation than during controlled ventilation
- (E) less body heat is lost than with a circle system
Following hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, adequacy of total body rewarming is best indicated by normothermia recorded from the
- (A) upper esophagus
- (B) lower esophagus
- (C) pulmonary artery
- (D) rectum
- (E) great toe
Following induction of anesthesia with sufentanil and pancuronium, a patient with left main coronary artery disease has a decrease in blood pressure from 110/70 to 60/40 mmHg. There is no change in heart rate or ECG. The most appropriate management of the hypotension is administration of
- (A) calcium chloride
- (B) ephedrine
- (C) epinephrine
- (D) isoproterenol
- (E) phenylephrine
A 2.8-kg 8-hour-old infant undergoes laparotomy for a ruptured omphalocele. Following primary closure of the abdominal wall, arterial blood gases are PaO2 40 mmHg (FiO2 0.6), PaCO2 55 mmHg, and pH 7.1. Blood pressure is 30/20 mmHg. After increasing the FiO2, the most appropriate action would be to
- (A) obtain a radiograph of the chest immediately
- (B) withdraw the endotracheal tube 1 cm
- (C) assess the patient for coexisting congenital heart disease
- (D) administer lactated Ringer's solution 15 ml/kg
- (E) ask the surgeon to reopen the wound
A 65-year-old patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has chest pain prior to induction of anesthesia. Pulse is 80 bpm and blood pressure is 130/80 mmHg. The ECG (V5) shows sinus rhythm and new ST-segment depression. The most appropriate management is administration of
- (A) furosemide
- (B) metoprolol
- (C) morphine
- (D) nifedipine
- (E) nitroglycerin
A 40-year-old man is scheduled for emergency laparotomy for bowel obstruction. He is nauseated but has not vomited. Which of the following drugs administered intravenously preoperatively will decrease the risk for pulmonary aspiration?
- (A) Atropine
- (B) Droperidol
- (C) Metoclopramide
- (D) Ranitidine
- (E) None of the above
Alveolar partial pressure of an inhaled anesthetic rises more rapidly in a parturient at term than in a nonpregnant woman because
- (A) functional residual capacity is decreased
- (B) PaC02 is decreased
- (C) uptake of inhaled agents by tissues is decreased
- (D) cardiac output is increased
- (E) physiologic dead space is increased
Compared with diazepam, midazolam
- (A) is more lipid soluble
- (B) has a longer elimination half-life
- (C) has a larger volume of distribution
- (D) has a greater clearance
- (E) undergoes slower hepatic metabolism
A 30-year-old woman develops urticaria immediately after administration of 2% 2-chloroprocaine for removal of a nevus on the chest wall. This reaction resolves with administration of diphenhydramine and the surgery is rescheduled. During the second procedure, a field block is performed using 10 ml of 1% lidocaine from a multidose vial. Within 10 minutes the patient develops urticaria and wheezing and has difficulty breathing. These symptoms resolve with administration of epinephrine. Which of the following substances is the most likely cause of these reactions?
- (A) A paraben derivative
- (B) Povidone-iodine
- (C) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
- (D) Propylene glycol
- (E) Sodium bisulfite
The left ventricular function curve is from a young, healthy patient. If X represents the patient's myocardial function prior to anesthesia, the effect of 1 MAC of isoflurane at normocarbia is best represented by which of the following positions?
- (A) A
- (B) B
- (C) C
- (D) D
- (E) E