A 63-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure and left ventricular dilation is scheduled for carotid endarterectomy. During carotid cross-clamping, the surgeon requests that systolic blood pressure be increased from 100 to 160 mmHg. Compared with an identical patient with normal left ventricular size, what is the effect of this change in blood pressure on this patient's myocardial oxygen consumption?
During anesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and a relaxant, the patient's lungs are being mechanically ventilated and there is a heated humidifier in the circuit. The most likely cause of an apparent increase in inspired oxygen concentration is
(A) a hole in the ventilator bellows
(B) backflow of fresh gas because of resistance in the humidifier
A parturient received 1000 ml of dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer's solution 20 minutes prior to delivery. Ten minutes later her blood glucose concentration is 580 mg/dl. In this situation
(A) the risk for fetal intraventricular hemorrhage is increased
(B) the risk for neonatal hypoglycemia is increased
(C) placental glucose transport is insulin dependent
(D) the neonate should be given dextrose 50% in water if depressed at delivery
(E) the mother should be given insulin prior to delivery
An infant becomes cyanotic and hypotensive after ventilatory pressures increase to 45 cm H2O during closure of the abdominal wall at the end of a gastroschisis repair. The most appropriate next step is to
(A) administer a muscle relaxant
(B) administer 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution 10 ml/kg