10 Random Questions
Which of the following statements concerning the volume of distribution of a drug is true?
- (A) It is equal to the sum of the volumes of the tissue spaces into which it diffuses
- (B) It is equal to the volume to which it is distributed outside the plasma volume
- (C) It is unaltered by the amount bound to red blood cells and plasma proteins
- (D) It depends on elimination from plasma
- (E) It relates the total amount of the drug in the body to the plasma concentration
Which of the following relationships is indicated by the curve illustrated in the graph shown?
- (A) Intracranial blood volume (X) and intracranial pressure (Y)
- (B) PaCO2 (X) and minute ventilation (Y)
- (C) PaO2 (X) and hemoglobin saturation (Y)
- (D) Preload (X) and stroke volume (Y)
- (E) Systemic arterial pressure (X) and cerebral blood flow (Y)
Optimal positioning of a left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube is easier than positioning of a right-sided endobronchial tube because the
- (A) angle between the trachea and bronchus is wider on the left
- (B) diameter of the left mainstem bronchus is larger
- (C) diameter of the left upper lobe bronchus is larger
- (D) distance between the left upper lobe bronchus and the carina is greater
- (E) left mainstem bronchus is more rigid
In an unpremedicated, spontaneously breathing patient, an alveolar halothane concentration of 0.74% in oxygen is consistently associated with
- (A) absence of overt response to skin incision
- (B) constricted pupils
- (C) flaccidity of abdominal muscles
- (D) normal glomerular filtration rate
- (E) normal myocardial contractility
In a patient undergoing liver transplantation, sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride are administered immediately before reperfusion of the transplanted liver to counteract
- (A) coagulopathy
- (B) decreased cardiac output
- (C) hyperkalemia
- (D) hypermagnesemia
- (E) hypotension
A 60-year-old woman who is taking propranolol for hypertension and is allergic to penicillin is anesthetized with thiopental and halothane for resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Shortly after intubation she is given vancomycin 500 mg intravenously, after which her blood pressure decreases from 140/80 to 70/50 mmHg while her heart rate remains steady at 64 bpm. The most likely explanation for the decrease in blood pressure is
- (A) cross-sensitivity of penicillin and vancomycin
- (B) interaction of vancomycin and propranolol
- (C) vancomycin-induced anaphylactoid reaction
- (D) interaction of halothane and propranolol
- (E) interaction of halothane and vancomycin
Which of the following decreases the risk for burns during electrocauterization?
- (A) Conductive flooring
- (B) Grounding of the patient to the operating table
- (C) Increased resistance at the return electrode
- (D) Isolation of the current output of the electrosurgical unit
- (E) Placement of the return electrode at a distance from the surgical site
Static lung compliance is decreased by each of the following EXCEPT
- (A) pulmonary emphysema
- (B) congestive heart failure
- (C) adult respiratory distress syndrome
- (D) pulmonary fibrosis
- (E) inhalation anesthesia
Two days after myocardial infarction involving the left anterior descending coronary artery, a patient's blood pressure decreases acutely from 125/80 to 70/40 mmHg, heart rate increases from 75 to 90 bpm, pulmonary artery pressure increases to 50/30 mmHg, and urine output decreases from 60 to 10 ml/hr. Thermodilution cardiac output has increased from 4 to 7 L/min. The most appropriate action is to
- (A) compare mixed venous oxygen saturation in the right atrium and pulmonary artery
- (B) draw blood for culture and start antibiotic therapy
- (C) start dopamine infusion in low dose
- (D) administer a fluid challenge
- (E) monitor peripheral capillary oxygenation by transcutaneous oximetry
Intraoperatively, the occurrence of prominent "a" waves on the central venous pressure waveform can be explained by each of the following EXCEPT
- (A) acute right ventricular failure
- (B) atrial flutter
- (C) complete heart block
- (D) onset of junctional tachycardia
- (E) ventricular pacing