A 62-year-old man is scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting. During induction of anesthesia with fentanyl, high peak inspiratory pressures occur with manual ventilation, and peripheral oxygen saturation decreases from 100% to 94%. The most appropriate management is administration of
Which of the following statements concerning pressure support ventilation is true?
(A) Continuous positive airway pressure is provided during inspiration and expiration
(B) Delivered tidal volume remains the same with decreasing lung compliance
(C) Inspiratory effort less than -2 cmH20 is not assisted
(D) The overall work of breathing decreases when weaning from mechanical ventilation
(E) The patient will need more sedation than during intermittent mandatory ventilation
D
Administration of succinylcholine 1 mg/kg to a pregnant woman rarely causes fetal neuromuscular blockade. Which characteristic of succinylcholine best explains this phenomenon?
For any given FiO2 and PaCO2, the PaO2 is lower in a healthy paralyzed patient anesthetized with isoflurane than in the same patient unanesthetized and breathing spontaneously. The primary cause of this difference is
(A) controlled ventilation
(B) increased airway resistance
(C) inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Following induction of anesthesia with sufentanil and pancuronium, a patient with left main coronary artery disease has a decrease in blood pressure from 110/70 to 60/40 mmHg. There is no change in heart rate or ECG. The most appropriate management of the hypotension is administration of
(A) calcium chloride
(B) ephedrine
(C) epinephrine
(D) isoproterenol
(E) phenylephrine
E
If the low-pressure alarm of an anesthesia circuit is broken, which of the following monitors will provide the earliest indication of a disconnected ventilator hose?
A parturient received 1000 ml of dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer's solution 20 minutes prior to delivery. Ten minutes later her blood glucose concentration is 580 mg/dl. In this situation
(A) the risk for fetal intraventricular hemorrhage is increased
(B) the risk for neonatal hypoglycemia is increased
(C) placental glucose transport is insulin dependent
(D) the neonate should be given dextrose 50% in water if depressed at delivery
(E) the mother should be given insulin prior to delivery
Massive venous air embolism occurs in a patient who is undergoing craniotomy in the sitting position with nitrous oxide, oxygen, fentanyl anesthesia. Which of the following changes in end-tidal (ET) concentrations of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide are most likely in this patient? (ETCO2, ETN2, ETN2O)