10 Random Questions
The graphs shown illustrate various respiratory patterns in a patient who is breathing spontaneously with continuous positive airway pressure. Which of the following patterns is associated with the LEAST work of breathing?
- (A) 1
- (B) 2
- (C) 3
- (D) All patterns are associated with equal work
- (E) There is not enough information to answer the question
In a patient with adult respiratory distress syndrome who is being mechanically ventilated, which of the following findings indicates the most severe disease?
- (A) Decreased functional residual capacity
- (B) Decreased lung compliance
- (C) Hypercarbia
- (D) Hypoxemia
- (E) Increased dead space
In a patient with 20% pulmonary shunt and a PaO2 of 60 mmHg, cardiac output suddenly decreases from 5 L/min to 3 L/min. Oxygen consumption is unchanged. As a result, the PaO2 will
- (A) increase slightly because of decreased shunt blood flow
- (B) decrease slightly because of decreased mixed venous PO2
- (C) increase because of decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
- (D) decrease because of an increased dead space to tidal volume ratio
- (E) increase because of increased pulmonary oxygen uptake per milliliter of blood
During attempted awake intubation, the patient gags when the laryngoscope presses on the base of the tongue. Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for the afferent limb of this reflex?
- (A) Trigeminal
- (B) Facial
- (C) Glossopharyngeal
- (D) Vagus
- (E) Hypoglossal
Two hours after sustaining extensive burns of the head, neck and chest in a house fire, a patient has stridor and difficulty breathing. The most appropriate management is
- (A) administration of aerosolized epinephrine
- (B) administration of helium and oxygen
- (C) endotracheal intubation
- (D) intravenous injection of dexamethasone
- (E) tracheostomy
When evaluating a screening test, which of the following is the most appropriate term for the proportion of patients with a disease who have a positive test result?
- (A) Accuracy
- (B) Incidence
- (C) Selectivity
- (D) Sensitivity
- (E) Specificity
The severity of chronic bronchitis is best assessed by measuring
- (A) tidal volume
- (B) carbon dioxide diffusion capacity
- (C) sputum production over 24 hours
- (D) forced vital capacity
- (E) arterial blood gases
During laparotomy for a ruptured spleen, unexplained oozing occurs after infusion of 2 liters of crystalloid and 3 units of blood. The most likely cause is
- (A) citrate toxicity
- (B) dilutional thrombocytopenia
- (C) hemolytic transfusion reaction
- (D) labile clotting factor deficiency
- (E) leukoagglutinin reaction
Prolonged respiratory depression following administration of morphine is more likely in patients with chronic renal faillure than in patients with normal kidney function because of
- (A) decreased biotransformation
- (B) decreased protein binding
- (C) decreased volume of distribution
- (D) delayed excretion of morphine metabolites
- (E) the effect of acidosis on morphine ionization
Mepivacaine 40 ml of a 1% solution with epinephrine 1:200,000 is injected into the brachial plexus sheath at the axilla after eliciting a paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution. Which of the following is most likely to remain intact?
- (A) Adduction of the thumb
- (B) Flexion at the wrist
- (C) Sensation of the lateral forearm
- (D) Sensation on the palmar surface of the lateral three and one half fingers
- (E) Sensation on the palmar surface of the medial one and one half fingers